Investigarea însușirilor fizico-chimice și agrochimice ale solului din zona rurală – Nihoreni

Abstract

The study of ecological functions of soils is a fundamental problem of soil science, although it is essentially interdisciplinary. The ecological functions of soils are usually divided into two large groups: ecosystem (biogeocenotic) and global (biosphere). To determine the agroecological quality of arable land, it is necessary to analyze a whole set of agroecological functions, and this set will be different for the conditions of each region, field and even a small plot. For this, an analysis of the diagnostic indicators of these agroecological functions is carried out, including the integral and partial indicators of the biotic, chemical or physical parameters of the studied lands: humus content, biogenic elements, soil composition and their structural condition in general, the condition phytosanitary of crops etc.. The relevance of the research provides for the approach and evaluation of the land fund, regarding the condition of the lands in the village of Nihoreni, which implies a sustainable development of all objects of the natural environment. The optimization of the natural environment boils down to finding a balanced relationship between the exploitation of ecosystems (rational use of natural resources), their protection and improvement. Since the human agricultural activity in the locality is carried out within the limits of the natural formations – landscape, transformed in the process of use as an agricultural landscape, the latter become an object of protection. The purpose of the study consists in the agroecological substantiation of a set of measures for the protection of agricultural lands in the village of Nihoreni. For the development and adaptation of agricultural systems of an adaptive landscape, an adequate system of agroecological land evaluation is necessary. It differs significantly from the traditional land evaluation system practiced in land management. The productivity of agricultural crops is determined by the degree to which the climatic conditions correspond to the biological characteristics of the crops and the agrotechnics of their cultivation. The highest yield is obtained with the maximum use of climatic resources by the plant. The agroecological assessment of crop yield conditions remain an important challenge facing agriculture.